In this study, we are going to discuss about small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Therefore, the structure is directly correlated with each function and the structural characterization of colloidal systems is in the range of the electron microscopy and X‐ray scattering. For an effective or stable carrier, the colloidal size, which goes approximately from 1 nm to 1 µm, is an important criterion to select the delivery system that can permeate tissues, circulate with body fluids, or interact with cell membranes. We shall restrict ourselves to coherent and elastic small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), which is used in structural studies of soft condensed matter and in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique.Īmong drug delivery systems (DDS), carriers such as liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, and several kinds of hybrid organic‐inorganic nanoparticles can be found. The basic equations for converting information obtained during the measurements in structural parameters of the object are also presented. This chapter explains the basic concepts of X‐ray scattering and its applications in drug delivery systems. In this chapter, our aim is to describe the basic concepts about X‐ray scattering and its application for structural analysis of drug delivery systems. The advantages of some DDS, such as nanoparticles, are their high circulation‐residence time and drug bioavailability with enhanced therapeutic efficiency.ĭespite several studies that report the physicochemical and biological applications of these nanocarriers, few studies have presented a relationship between their applications and structural aspects. The aim is the encapsulation of the bioactive molecule on a specific carrier destined to deliver it at a controlled rate over a prolonged period. The different drug carriers described in the literature presented results specifically for molecules with limited aqueous or lipid solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, and high local or systemic toxicity. The development of new biomaterials, drug delivery systems (DDS), and modified release pharmaceutical formulations have allowed the modulation of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the several molecules, enhancing their therapeutic effects and promoting their clinical use. In addition, the results showed that the dispersion of clay in epoxy was more uniform using three-roll mill method compared to mechanical stirring method.Examples of several drug delivery systems. Based on XRD results, the polymer is able to intercalate between the clay layers because the interlayer spacing between the clay platelets increased significantly. It was found that, there were no peak of diffraction pattern appeared for pure Epikote 828 and Cycom 977-20. The overlaid of XRD patterns of pure Epikote 828 polymer, Cycom 977-20 polymer and polymer-nanoclay nanocomposites were produced. A series of nanocomposites with 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% nanoclay was fabricated using mechanical stirring and three roll mill methods. In this study XRD was used to measure the dispersion state of clay particles in epoxy. This paper presents the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of nanoclay filled epoxy nanocomposites. Clay-nanoplatelets have emerged among the other nanomaterials for over the past few years due to their good thermal stability and mechanical properties.
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